Nursing Interventions for Organophosphate Insecticide Intoxication

An insecticide is a pesticide used against insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against the eggs and larvae of insects respectively. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industry and the household. The use of insecticides is believed to be one of the major factors behind the increase in agricultural productivity in the 20th century. Nearly all insecticides have the potential to significantly alter ecosystems; many are toxic to humans; and others are concentrated in the food chain.
The classification of insecticides is done in several different ways:

• Systemic insecticides are incorporated by treated plants. Insects ingest the insecticide while feeding on the plants.
• Contact insecticides are toxic to insects brought into direct contact. Efficacy is often related to the quality of pesticide application, with small droplets (such as aerosols) often improving performance.
• Natural insecticides, such as nicotine, pyrethrum and neem extracts are made by plants as defenses against insects. Nicotine based insecticides are still being widely used in the US and Canada though they are barred in the EU.
• Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs) are insecticidal substances produced by plants after genetic modification. For instance, a gene that codes for a specific Baccilus thuringiensis biocidal protein is introduced into a crop plant's genetic material. Then, the plant manufactures the protein. Since the biocide is incorporated into the plant, additional applications at least of the same compound, are not required.
• Inorganic insecticides are manufactured with metals and include arsenates, copper compounds and fluorine compounds, which are now seldom used, and sulfur, which is commonly used.
• Organic insecticides are synthetic chemicals which comprise the largest numbers of pesticides available for use today.
• Mode of action—how the pesticide kills or inactivates a pest—is another way of classifying insecticides. Mode of action is important in predicting whether an insecticide will be toxic to unrelated species, such as fish, birds and mammals.

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Nursing Interventions for Organophosphate Insecticide Intoxication

First aid performed included: common actions aimed at the safety of life, preventing absorption and detoxification (antidotum) which includes resuscitation: Water way, breathing, elimination circulasi to inhibit the absorption through the stomach kumbah pencernaaan way, emesis, or catharsis and shampooing the hair.

Provide antidotum, according to doctors advice a minimum of 2 x 24 hours of giving SA.

Supportive Care; include maintaining the patient was not until the fever or chills, monitor physical changes such as rapid changes in pulse, respiratory distress, cyanosis, diaphoresis, and other signs of vascular collapse and possible fatal or death. Monitir vital signs every 15 minutes to several hours and report changes immediately to the doctor. Note the signs such as vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain and vomiting will monitor all the blood. Observation of feces and urine as well as maintain intravenous fluids according to physician orders.

If respiratory depression, give oxygen and suction do. Ventilator may be needed.

If poisoning as an attempt to commit suicide then do safety precautions. Consultation psychiatry or clinical psychiatric nurse. Consider also the problem of personality disorder, depressive reactions, psychosis, neurosis, mental retardation and others.